Case studies
FinTech · AWS

Zero-trust AWS controls that took a FinTech to SOC 2 Type II in 8 weeks with no audit findings.

Enterprise deals depended on SOC 2 Type II, and the existing estate had shared secrets in code, permissive IAM and no audit trail. I designed and implemented the identity, network, secrets and audit controls, and the external audit closed with zero findings.

Client
FinTech scale-up selling to enterprise clients
Sector
FinTech
Duration
8 weeks
Engagement
Fixed-Scope Build
8 weeks
to SOC 2 Type II
0
external audit findings
100%
secrets rotation automated

01

The challenge

Enterprise customers required SOC 2 Type II before signing. The infrastructure had grown organically: secrets committed to repositories, IAM policies far broader than needed, no network segmentation between services, and no reliable record of who changed what. The gap had to close inside one quarter.

02

Solution architecture

Control architecture: zero-trust AWS estate for SOC 2 Type IIEngineers change infrastructure only through reviewed Terraform, with plan output attached to every change. Terraform builds a private-by-default AWS estate: IAM roles with least-privilege policies and no long-lived user keys, VPC endpoints with segmented security groups and network ACLs, and AWS Secrets Manager with automatic rotation. Application services read secrets through IAM roles. CloudTrail, configuration history and access logs are retained and mapped to each control in a control-to-evidence map, which the external SOC 2 Type II audit reviewed and closed with zero findings.PRIVATE BY DEFAULTTEAMEngineersInfrastructure changes as pull requestsCHANGE CONTROLReviewed TerraformEvery infrastructure change reviewed in a pull request, with the plan output attachedIDENTITYIAM rolesLeast-privilege policiesNo long-lived user keysAccess reviewed in pull requestsNETWORKPrivate by defaultVPC endpoints for AWS servicesSecurity groups and NACLsSegmented between servicesSECRETSAWS Secrets ManagerAutomatic rotationAccess through IAM roles onlyNone left in code or CI historyWORKLOADSApplication servicesReachable only as declared, reading secrets at runtime through IAM rolesAUDITCloudTrailWho changed what, and whenRetained for the auditAUDITConfig historyResource configurationover time, retainedAUDITAccess logsRetained and mapped toeach SOC 2 controlHAND-OVERControl-to-evidence mapEach SOC 2 control tied to a technical controland to its evidence sourceOUTCOMEExternal SOC 2 Type II auditClosed with zero findingsEight weeks from start to certificationReviewed changeAccess and activityEvidence for the auditor

Request path in teal. Dashed lines are private connectivity, deployment and telemetry. Scroll sideways on small screens.

Identity
Role-based access with least-privilege policies. No long-lived user keys.
Network
Private-by-default VPCs, endpoints for AWS services, segmented security groups and NACLs.
Secrets
Secrets Manager with automatic rotation. Application access via IAM roles only.
Change control
All infrastructure through reviewed Terraform. Plan output attached to every change.
Audit & evidence
CloudTrail, config history and access logs retained and mapped to each control.

Layers top to bottom. Controls apply at every layer.

03

Approach

  1. 01Map every SOC 2 control to a concrete technical control and an evidence source before touching infrastructure.
  2. 02Make private the default: VPC endpoints, security groups and NACLs so nothing is reachable unless declared.
  3. 03Move every secret into AWS Secrets Manager with rotation, and remove them from code and CI history.
  4. 04Rebuild IAM around roles and least privilege, with access reviewed in pull requests.
  5. 05Make change itself auditable: infrastructure only through reviewed Terraform, with CloudTrail and config history retained.

04

How the delivery ran

  • Week 1: control mapping and gap assessment, agreed with the compliance lead and the auditor's checklist.
  • Week 2–5: network, identity and secrets controls implemented as Terraform in the client's accounts.
  • Week 6–7: audit logging, evidence collection and infrastructure code-review workflow. Dry-run against the control list.
  • Week 8: hand-over, runbooks and evidence pack. External audit followed and closed with zero findings.

05

What was delivered

  • Identity and access model with role catalogue
  • Network, secrets and audit controls as Terraform
  • Control-to-evidence map for SOC 2 Type II
  • Security operations and incident runbooks

06

Results

DimensionBeforeAfter
CertificationNone, deals blockedSOC 2 Type II in 8 weeks
Audit findingsMultiple known gapsZero external findings
SecretsIn code, rotated by handManaged, 100% rotation automated
Network exposureFlat, broadly reachablePrivate by default, segmented
Change historyUnrecordedEvery change reviewed and logged

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